Special Features about Japanese Aids-Decision-Process to Mongolia and Its Problem
M. MURAI
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Pre Japan Ambassador to Mongolia, Kimimaro Hanada answered the interview with the "Odoriin Sonin" newspaper(1999.12.21) and said as follows:
Япон бол Монголд хандивлагч гол орон. Японы зээл тусламжийн їр ашиг м юунд гол анхаарлаа хандуулна гэж бодож байнавэ?
-Монгол Улс шилжилтийн їедээ байгаа учраас Япон улс дэмжлэгээ цаашид ч їзїїлэх ёстой гэж бодож байна. Ялангуяа танай ард тїмний амьдралын тєвшинг дээшлїїлэхэд бид туслах ёстой. Яагаад гэвэл манай хоёр улс хэдийгээр хол ч гэлээ Зїїн дорнодод оршдог хєрш улс. Тїїнээс гадна манай ард тїмэн Монголын ард тїмэнд их дотно ханддаг. Їїнийгээ ч илэрхийлэх ёстой гэжби боддог
Ер нь яагаад Япон улс монголчуудад ингэж их гар сунгаж туслаад байна вэ гэж уншигчид сонирхдог юм. Та энэ асуултад юугэж хариулахсан бол?
-Энэ бол гурван шалтгаантай. Нэгдїгээрт, хєгжсєн орнууд хєгжиж байгаа орнуудад туслах ёстой. 1970-аар оны эхээр Парисдахь хєгжсєн орнуудын эдийн засгийн хамтын байгууллагаас хєгжиж байгаа орнуудыг дэмжих ёстой гэж їзсэн юм.Хєгжсєн орнуудаас тусламж аваад хєгжсєн орнууд ч бий. Жишээ нь, Малайз, Сингапур. Одоо бол социализмаас зах зээлийн эдийн засагтшилжиж байгаа улсуудад туслах ёстой. Ийм орнуудын нэг нь Монгол бєгєєд тїїнд туслах ёстой. Хоёрдугаарт, Европын Холбоогэж байгуулсан. Эдгээр орнуудын амьдралын тєвшин бараг адилхан байна. Тїїхийг нь їзвээс дандаа дайн хийж байсан Франц,Герман хоёр Европын Холбоонд нэгдсэн. Иймээс Дорнод Азид ч гэсэн ийм байгууллагыг байгуулах нь зїйтэй. Ингэхийн тулдхєгжсєн орнууд хєгжиж байгаа орнуудыг дэмжих ёстой юм. Мєн аюулгїй байдлыг хамгаалахад ч энэ нь хэрэгтэй. Гуравдугаарт, Японы ард тїмэн єєрсдийгєє Монголоос гаралтай гэж їздэг. Монголын эдийн засгийн байдал хэцїї байгааг ойлгож, тусалъягэдгийг халуун дотноор хїлээж жирийн ард тїмэн их дотно хандаж байгаа. Японы Элчин сайдын хувьд ийм хандлагатай байх ёстой гэж би боддог.Энэ хамгийн гол шалтгаан нь юм.
That is,
1) There is a duty to aid with the developing nation in the advanced,
2) The collective like European federation (EC) must be constructed to Asia,
3) The origin in Japan is in Mongolia.
This isn't an ambassador's individual opinion.
" The foreign economy co-operation council in the Japanese government " created the document which is called " about the basic policy of the economic co-operation of the future " on June 19th, 1998.
Among these, it fixes the basic policy when Japan co-operates economically.
About the necessity of the economic co-operation
It gives to the reason as follows:
1) a humane standpoint,
2) the solution of the global problem,
3) trust's improvement in the international community,
4) the mutual dependence relation,
5) the general security of the world economy .
And about the way of the ecomonic co-operation,
it says as follows:
(1) The intensive and centralized implementation of the economic co-operation,
1) Correspondence to anti-poverty and the society development field,
2) CorrespondenceCompatible to the problem which should support globally,
3) The economic co-operation which utilized an experience and know-how in our country,
4) Correspondence to the urgent problems such as the support of the restoration and the revival after dispute and the natural disaster,
5) The society development which the man and woman takes together,
(2) The reinforcement of the grasping of the various actual condition and the needs of the developing country, and the post fact- evaluation,
(3) The reinforcement of the whole economic co-operation which included officials and the people,
1) The co-operation in the various fund and among the co-operation forms,
2) The settle of the guideline,
3) The settle of the help plan according to the country and the problem,
(4) The realization of the wide national participation -type economy co-operation of the foot of mountain.
As " (3) 3) the settle of the help plan according to the country and the problem " is concerned, " The annual report about an implementation state of the government development help of our country " was reported by the cabinet meeting on September, 1999.
In, " 5. Government development help guideline's operation state ", " (2) when a desirable movement is seen ", together such as Vietnam, Central Asia and the Caucasus various countries, the Republic of South Africa, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, it nominates Mongolia and it is reporting the implementation state.
That is,
" (1) the placing as the help object country in our country " says as follows:
(a) Mongolia is proceeding democratization and the reform to the market economy since 1990s',
(b) Mongolia's stability and the economy development are important to the political and economic stability in the circumference area,
(c) Mongolia is an inland country and it is in the period of the switch over to the market economy, and there are problems such as economic basis's being unimproved, and the increase of the poor, therefore, the help demand is big.
Furthermore, as " (2) the emphasis field of the help of our country ", it raises as follows:
- The service of the economic basis and its condition for the industry promotion - the rehabilitation of the infrastructure such as the energy, the transportation, and the communication,
- The intellectual support for the market economy switch over,
- The talent manpower upbringing,
- The promotion of the agriculture and the pasturage industry,
- the Basis life support ( The education, the preservation of health and the medical treatment, the water supply )
By the way, where will this Mongolia " aid " conception be settled on?
In Japan, the government office settles on the policy. In it, a planned and then settled policy is approved by the cabinet meeting, and is submitted to the congress. If there is not a problem ( the problem runs out almost in this step ), it is voted on. This policy settle is done by " the council " which both the expert and the related government office persons in charge with concerned field attend.
A Mongolia " aid " policy was deliberated in " the administration deliberation room out of the Prime Minister secretariat, the foreign economy co-operation council ( the 12nd 13rd period time ) " which was opened on October 28th, 1999.
Among these, the experts and the government office persons are frankly stating the comment and a policy about Mongolia.
The member of the committee:
(Mongolia is).... very wide, has little population, and moreover, its industry is only copper, gold, and the stock raising. There is nothing if saying extremely.....
This country which was USSR's circle formerly is proceeding with the considerable liberalization and it is doing well.....
Mongolia isn't thinking of the kind which old Communist Party, too, introduces communism into again.....
Politically, we think we are relieved and can continue Mongolia support in the future, too.....
Because it is a very wide country in the inland country, it calls demand about the infrastructure......
However, America and Europe will not very aid with Mongolia, Japan must take care of it, after all......
It thinks that to say that Mongolia cannot help depending on Japan for the free co-operation, the non-professional aid.....
It should think that Japan carries Mongolia on our back.
The chairman:
Isn't it necessary to raise a middle stratum more?.....
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
First, we, too, are very putting an effort into Mongolia surely......
Russia can not be depended and in China, there is nicety, too.....
And though other Europe, America and so on giving in some degree, too, it is limited......
After all, in the fact Mongolia relies on Japan. Therefore, We are putting an effort.....
Because Mongolia, too, became a way to a system in Japan well recently, it became smooth when comparing temporarily.....
That is, they say that
1) Because Mongolia introduces " communism " no longer, Japan can help surely,
2) Japan " takes care " as the substitute in America,
3) Japan " aids " with the infrastructure field mainly.
Moreover,
4) they are proposing " to carry Mongolia on our back" .
Also, another member of the committee is emphasizing that
5)" the middle stratum must be more raised ".
In this way, " the help "
1) which is arrogant and
2) which is political and economic, according to the world strategy in America,
is proposed.
The opinions which are deliberated in this council are gathered and become the basic policy of the aid to Mongolia. The opinions of Japannese people who are taxpayers aren't reflected in this process.
Anyway, this way of thinking isn't new. When Japan ever invaded an Asian continent, as the theoretical basis, in opposition to the pressure of the western Great Powers making solidarity with Asian various countries such as China, it insisted that Japan should release Asia. In fact it meant that Japan invaded Asian countries.
This is called " the Asian principle ".
